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Hung
Gar Kuen
Southern
5 Animal 5 Elements
Created
during a time of turmoil and strife, Hung Gar Kung Fu was a bright star
for the oppressed people of southern China. In the Ching dynasty
(1644-1911), the Manchurian government was hated by the populous. Many
secret societies of rebels emerged to combat the Manchurian rule. One of
which was Hung gar clan.
The
roots of Hung Gar can be traced as far back as Ta Mo (a Buddhist priest
from India). In 520 A.D., ancient records show Ta Mo traveling to China
and teaching the Shaolin monks a series of exercises called the "18
Lohan Techniques". These exercises were eventually incorporated into
their self defense techniques. For centuries the Shaolin style of self
defense grew, expanded and adapted to current fighting conditions.
In
the Song dynasty (960 A.D.-1279 A.D.), a great martial artist from the
Shaolin temple, named Chueh Yuan took Ta Mo's 18 Lohan Techniques and
increased them to 72. Still not satisfied, Chueh Yuan sought out other
kung fu masters to increase his skills. In his travels, he found Li Sou.
Li Sou introduced him to Bai Yu Feng. Together, all 3 went back to the
Shaolin temple and combined their skills. They increased the 72 techniques
into 170. These techniques were then divided into 5 categories (Dragon,
Tiger, Panther, Crane and Snake).
Movements
of the Dragon were internal and external, circular and spiraling,
cultivating the spirit. Moves of the Tiger were fierce pouncing and
clawing attacks, emphasizing muscle and bone development. Moves of the
Panther were based on speed and power utilizing sudden explosive movements
and the use of internal energy. Techniques of the Crane were graceful,
fluid, swift and agile, stressing balance. Exercises from the Snake
developed chi (internal energy). The movements were soft and circular yet
accurate and deadly. Each of the animal styles was a complete fighting
system. They all included long and short range punching/kicking, joint
locking, grappling, ground fighting and moves unique to their own styles.
In
1644 the Manchurians invaded China. After a long war, the Manchurians won
and took control over China. This brought resentment and distrust towards
the new regime. Secret societies arose to deliver the people from the
Manchurian rule. Many rebel factions used the southern Shaolin temples for
refuge. Posing as monks, the rebels would train and plan strategy all
under the safety of the temple. By the early 1700's the Manchurians
discovered this and had the temples destroyed. One Shaolin monk from the
southern Fukien temple who was proficient in the Tiger style, escaped the
destruction. His Name was Gee Sum Sim See. Gee Sum Sim See hid out in
southern China, teaching kung fu to the rebels.
Southern
China is on the coastline and shipping was a major way of life. Even
entertainment was on boats. Chinese opera was a favorite performance art.
Many gifted athletes performed on these "Floating Opera Houses"
called Hung Suan or red boats. This is were Gee Sum Sim See took the raw
talent of these performing artists and turned them into awesome rebel
fighting machines.
One
of his top students was Hung Hei Guan. Some say that Hung was a tea
merchant by trade and his real name was Jyu Gu Chah. Hung learned all that
he could from master Gee. Seeking more knowledge Hung then sought out the
White Crane style from Fong Wing Chun (Hung eventually married Fong).
Hung's quest for kung fu turned him to learn techniques from the Dragon,
Snake and Panther systems. He also learned the 5 elemental fist style.
Hung combined the systems he had learned and created his own unique style.
Rooted in the Tiger style, Hung Hei Guan's system was very powerful and
deadly. He became very famous for his kung fu skills. Hung was well known
for his strong horse stance and iron fist techniques.
There
are several theories on how the name "Hung Gar Kuen" or
"Hung's Family Boxing" came about. Some say that since Gee Sum
Sim See was from the Shaolin temple, Hung Hei Guan used his sir name
"Hung" (which can be translated as "to stand tall with
integrity"), to keep the Manchurians from suspecting he was a rebel.
Another story states that Hung was not his real name (tea merchant Jyu Gu
Chah), but changed to this because it can be translated into red or blood
color. Which signifies the "Red or Bloody Fist Clan". Yet
another legend tells of Gee Sum Sim See using the term Hung Gar because of
the Hung Suan or red boats, where he first started teaching.
Hung
Hei Guan's style was so popular that it became one of the 5 main family
systems practiced in southern China. The 5 main family styles are: Hung
Gar, Lau Gar, Mok Gar, Li Gar and Choy Gar. The Hung Gar style can be
recognized by low stances, brutal blocks and vicious claw attacks. It even
spread to other countries were it influenced Korean Tae Kwon Do, Okinawa
Karate and Japanese Kenpo.
Many
rebel factions learned this style to combat the Manchurian army including:
the Yellow Turban Clan, the Red Turban Clan, the Tongs, the Triads, the
Yin/Yang Clan and Heaven and Earth Clan. Their battle cry was
"destroy the Ching restore the Ming". Although none of Hung's
predecessors could defeats the Manchurians, the system continued to grow
in popularity. Wong Fei Hung was a great Hung gar fighter in the 1800's.
He was very skilled in the 8 diagram staff, Tiger tail kick and his ultra
famous Shadow Kick! There have been countless movies about Wong Fei Hung's
feats of bravery and skill. He was named one of the "Southern 10
Tigers". Wong created the "Tiger/Crane (Fu/Hok) form and Tiger
Crane 2 person sparring set, which eventually spawned the Tiger /Crane
system of fighting.
One
of Wong Fei Hung's top students was Lam Sai Wing. Lam Tsai Wing was
proficient in the Tiger/Crane system. In the early 1900's there was a
famous incident involving Lam Tsai Wing being lured into the Lok Sin
Theatre and then attacked. Out numbered Lam Sai Wing emerged without
injury. Some reports state 80 people were injured in that fight. Lam wrote
many books on hung Gar to help spread the popularity of his style. He also
created a Saber form for foot soldiers in the field of battle.

Wong
Fei Hung Lam
Sai Wing
Lam Jo
Kwong Wing Lam
Throughout
the ages, all masters have added their own personality to the style they
practiced. Over the decades, some styles changed completely to meet the
needs of the people using them. There are many different looking Hung Gar
systems, although their core is still the same. Among them the Canton Hung
Gar, Hung Moon, Wubei Hung Gar, Szechuan Hung Gar and Ha Say Fu (4 lower
Tigers) Hung Gar.
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